GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Mide Kanseri halen yüksek morbidite ve mortaliteye neden olmaktadýr. Bu sebepten araþtýrmacýlar, prognozu etkileyen faktörleri araþtýrmaya yönelmiþlerdir.
Çalýþmamýzda Mide Kanseri tanýsý ile opere olan tümör ve normal doku örnekleri kullanýlarak MMP-7 polimorfizminin ve H. Pylori enfeksiyonunun Mide Kanseri’nin prognozuna etkisi araþtýrýlmýþtýr.

YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Ekim 2008 - Ekim 2010 tarihleri arasýnda Ankara üniversitesi týp fakültesi hastanesi, Cerrahi Onkoloji Departmaný'ndan mide adenokarsinomu olan vakalar içinde 50 kiþi rastgele seçildi ve saðlýklý kontrol grubu da 50 kiþiden oluþturuldu. Çalýþma grubu 31 erkek ve 19 kadýn olmak üzere 50 kiþiden oluþmaktadýr. Mide Kanser’li 50 hastanýn; 15’inin (%30) AA, 20’sinin (%40) AG, 15’inin (%30) GG genotipine sahip olduðu, saðlýklý gönüllülerde ise 25’ i AG, 9’ u GG and 16’sý AA genotipine sahip olduðu bulundu.
BULGULAR: G1+G2 ile G3 evreleri A/G polimorfizmine göre karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda G3 evrede G Allel sýklýðýnýn %53.8 G1+G2 evrelerde %45.8 bulunmuþtur. Bu sonuç da G Allel sýklýðýnýn fazla olmasýnýn Grade’i arttýrdýðýný düþündürmüþtür. Hastalar H. Pylori taþýmalarýna göre Tümör Boyutu ile karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda T1+T2 evreye sahip olanlarýn %0 oranýnda H. Pylori (+) olduðu T3+T4 olanlarýn %65.1 oranýnda H.Pylori(+) olduðu bulunmuþtur (p=0.02). Bu durum, H. pylori'nin mide kanseri için negatif bir prognostik faktör olduðu yönündeki daha önce yapýlmýþ çalýþmalarý desteklemiþtir.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Bu çalýþma da, Türk toplumundaki saðlýklý gönüllülerin A alleli sýklýðý =% 57, G alleli sýklðý =% 43 olarak saptandý. Bu durumun Avrupa'daki G allel frekansý ile paralellik gösterdiði bulundu. Ülkemizde ve Avrupa'da mide kanseri prognozu Japonya'dan daha kötüdür, çünkü G allel frekansý Japonya'dan daha fazladýr.

INTRODUCTION: Gastric Cancer is still causes high morbidity and mortality. So the researchers directed to research the factors affecting prognosis.
In our present study, the effects of both MMP7 -181G>A promoter polymorphism and H. pylori infection on gastric cancer prognosis was investigated in gastric adenocarcinoma.

METHODS: All of the cases (n=50) and healthy controls (n=50) were unrelated individuals who were selected from the xxx hospital, Department of Surgical Oncology between October 2008 and October 2010. The study group consisted of 50 patients, including 31 males and 19 females, including 15=AA, 20=AG, 15=GG genotype. In the control group; 25=AG, 9=GG and 16=AA genotype was found.
RESULTS: G1+G2 and G3 phases were compared according to A/G polymorphism. G allele frequency of stage G3=53.8% of patients with G1+G2 phase was found 45.8%. According to this result; the frequency of G allele being considered to increase the G phase. Patients compared with H.Pylori and tumor size, in stage T1+T2 no patients had H pylori (+), in T3+T4, 65.1% of those with H pylori(+) was found (p= 0.02). This situation proved previously conducted studies that H. pylori is a negative prognostic factor for gastric cancer.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study healthy volunteers population was found the frequency of A allele=%57, frequency of allele G=43%, this condition is found to be parallel with the European's G allele frequency. In our country and in Europe stomach cancer prognosis is worse than Japan because frequency of G allele is more than Japan.

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Meme kanseri kadýnlarda en sýk görülen ve ölüme neden olan kanserler arasýnda ikinci sýrada yer almaktadýr. p53 hücre siklusunda santral rol oynayan önemli bir tümör supresördür ve meme kanserinde yaklaþýk %20-30 oranýnda TP53 gen mutasyonu saptanmaktadýr. TP53 gen mutasyonu ve immunhistokimyasal p53 ekspresyonu korelasyonu gösterilmiþtir. Bu çalýþmada meme kanseri hastalarýnda immunhistokimyasal p53 ekspresyonunun prognostik öneminin deðerlendirilmesi amaçlanmýþtýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Bu çalýþmaya 2006-2012 yýllarý arasýnda Ýzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Atatürk Eðitim ve Araþtýrma Hastanesi Patoloji Bölümünde tanýsý konulan ve Týbbi Onkoloji kliniðinde izlemi bulunan opere meme kanserli hastalar dahil edildi. Ýmmunhistokimyasal olarak nükleer p53 ekspresyonunun patolojik ve klinik prognostik göstergelerle iliþkisi deðerlendirildi.
BULGULAR: Çalýþmaya 395 meme kanseri tanýlý hasta dahil edildi. Ýkiyüzüç (%51,4) hastada p53 ekspresyonu saptandý. Moleküler alttiplere göre p53 boyanma yüzdeleri deðerlendirildiðinde p53 ekspresyonu en düþük oranda luminal A ve Luminal B-Her2 negatif grupta saptandý. Luminal A ve Luminal B-Her2 negatif grupta saptanan p53 boyanma yüzdeleri diðer alttipler ile karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda istatistiki anlamlý farklýlýk olduðu saptanmýþtýr (p<0,05). p53 ekspresyonuna göre hastalar iki gruba ayrýldýðýnda, iki grup arasýnda saðkalýmlar açýsýndan fark saptanmadý (p>0,05). p53 ekspresyonu ile histolojik grad ve Ki-67 proliferasyonu arasýnda pozitif korelasyon, östrojen reseptör ekspresyonu ile negatif korelasyon saptandý (p<0,05).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Çalýþmamýzda p53 ekspresyonunun kötü prognoz ile iliþkili olabileceði gösterilmiþtir. Mutant P53 proteinini hedefleyen tedaviler ile ilgili preklinik ve klinik çalýþmalarýn artmasý, immunhistokimyasal olarak p53 ekspresyonunun prognostik ve prediktif önemini ortaya çýkaracaktýr.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women and the second leading cause of cancer death. p53 is an important tumor suppressor that plays a central role in cell cycle and TP53 gene mutations are detected in about 20-30% of patients with breast cancer. The correlation between TP53 gene mutation and immunohistochemical p53 expression has been demonstrated. The present study aims to evaluate the prognostic significance of immunohistochemical p53 expression in breast cancer patients.
METHODS: The present study evaluated patients with breast cancer who were diagnosed at Izmir Katip Celebi University, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology from 2006 to 2012, and who were followed up at the Medical Oncology clinic. Immunohistochemical nuclear p53 expression was assessed in relation to pathological and clinical prognostic factors.
RESULTS: This study included 395 patients with breast cancer. p53 expression was detected in 203 (51.4%) patients. The p53 staining values were compared according to molecular subtypes; p53 expression was the lowest in luminal A and Luminal B-Her2 negative groups. The p53 staining percentages in luminal A and luminal B-Her2 negative groups were found to be statistically significantly different when compared to other subtypes (p<0.05). Patients were divided into two groups according to p53 expression and no difference in survivals was found between the two groups. p53 expression was positively correlated with both Ki-67 proliferation index and histological grade, and there was a negative correlation between p53 expression and estrogen receptor expression (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study, it has been shown that p53 expression may be associated with poor prognosis. The increased preclinical and clinical studies on treatments targeting mutant p53 protein will reveal the prognostic and predictive importance of immunohistochemical p53 expression.

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Kanserde mortalite ve morbiditenin azaltýlmasýnýn baþlýca yolu tarama programlarý ile hastalýk geliþiminin mümkün olduðunca erken taný konularak yakalanmasý ve uygun müdahalelerin gerçekleþtirilmesidir. Bu konuda topluma yol gösterici olmasý gereken kiþilerin baþýnda onkoloji alanýnda uzmanlaþmýþ hekimler gelmektedir. Bu çalýþmanýn amacý ülkemizdeki týbbi onkologlarýn erken taný ve tarama konularýndaki uygulama alýþkanlýklarýnýn deðerlendirilmesidir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Týbbi onkologlarýn erken taný ve tarama konularýndaki uygulama alýþkanlýklarý 37 soruluk bir anket ile deðerlendirildi.
BULGULAR: Anketi 94 medikal onkoloji uzmaný cevapladý. Cevaplayanlarýn %60’ý üniversitede, %37’si devlet hastanesinde çalýþýyordu. Katýlýmcýlarýn %11’i profesör, %8’i doçent, %9’u yardýmcý doçent, %42’si uzman ve %29’u yan dal araþtýrma görevlisi idi. Mesleki deneyimler incelendiðinde %48’i 3-10 yýl arasýnda, %37’si 1-3 yýl arasýnda, %12’si 10yýl üzerinde idi. Katýlýmcýlarýn yaklaþýk yarýsý akciðer kanseri için tarama yapýlmasý gerektiðini düþündüklerini bildirmiþler, ancak %22’si rutin taramayý önermiþlerdir. En az gaitada gizli kan incelemesinin faydalý olduðuna inanýldýðý (%55,1) ve en az rektal muayenenin hasta ve saðlýklý bireylere önerildiði (%45,7) belirlenmiþtir. Mamografinin ise faydalý olduðuna en çok inanýlan (%96,7) ve önerilen (%98,9) yöntem olduðu görülmüþtür.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Onkoloji ile ilgilenen saðlýk profesyonellerinin kanserde erken taný ve tarama yöntemleri hakkýndaki algý ve uygulama alýþkanlýklarýnýn genelde benzer olduðu, ancak kanser taramasý için yararlý olduklarýný düþündükleri bu yöntemleri günlük pratikte hastalarýna daha az önerdikleri dikkati çekmiþtir. Bu konunun saðlýk hizmetlerinin bir parçasý olduðu unutulmamalýdýr.

INTRODUCTION: One the main methods of reducing mortality and morbidity in cancer is screening programs and the early detection of disease and therefore increasing the awareness of appropriate interventions. In this regard, specialists in the field of oncology are at the forefront of those who should guide the population. The aim of this study is to evaluate the practice habits of medical oncologist in screening programs.
METHODS: The practice habits of medical oncologists regarding early diagnosis and screening of cancer was evaluated by a 37-item questionnaire.
RESULTS: Of the medical oncologist who were sent the survey, 94 of them replied. Sixty percent of the respondents were in college and 37% were working in state hospital. Eleven percent of the participants were professors, 8% were associate professors, 9% were assistant professors, 42% were experts and 29% were fellows. When the duration of expertise was examined, 48% have 3-10 years of experience, 37% between 1-3 years, 12% over 10 years. Nearly half of the participants reported that they should offer screening for lung cancer, but 22% recommended routine screening. It was determined that occult blood analysis was useful (55.1%) and at least rectal examination was recommended to patients and healthy subjects (45.7%). Mammography was the most believed (96.7%) and the recommended (98.9%) method.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It has been noticed that the health professionals who are interested in oncology generally have similar perception and practice habits about early diagnosis and screening methods of cancer. However, they offer these methods to patients in daily practice less than they think they are useful for cancer screening. It should not be forgotten that this is part of health services.

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Akut böbrek hastalýðý, allojenik hematopoetik kök hücre naklinin önemli komplikasyonlarýndan biridir. Bu çalýþmada hematopoetik kök hücre naklinde akut böbrek hastalýðý için major risk faktörlerini ve bunun hastalarýn yaþam süresi üzerine olan etkisini deðerlendirmeyi amaçladýk.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Bu çalýþmada kliniðimizde Ocak 2007 ile Ekim 2015 yýllarý arasýnda allojenik hematopoetik kök hücre nakli olan 77 hastayý retrospektif olarak deðerlendirdik.
BULGULAR: Çalýþmaya alýnan 77 hastanýn 25’inde (%32.5) akut böbrek hastalýðý geliþti. Transplantasyondan sonra akut böbrek hastalýðýnýn ortalama geliþme süresi 30 gündü. Univariate analizde bazal serum gamma-glutamil transpeptidaz düzeyi, amfoterisin B kullanýmý ve özellikle siklosporin düzeyinin akut böbrek hastalýðý geliþme riski ile iliþkili olduðu gösterildi. Lojistik regresyon multivariate analizde amfoterisin B kullanýmý, sitomegalovirüs reaktivasyonu, hazýrlama rejimi ve siklosporin düzeyinin akut böbrek hastalýðý için baðýmsýz risk faktörleri olduðu tespit edildi. Mortalite ve non-relaps mortalite oranlarý akut böbrek hastalýðý olan hastalarda, akut böbrek hastalýðý olmayan hastalara göre daha yüksekti. Kaplan-Meier analizde, ortalama yaþam süresi akut böbrek hastalýðý olmayan hastalarda 18.4 ay iken, akut böbrek hastalýðý olan hastalarda 12.2 aydý.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Akut böbrek hastalýðý, hematopoetik kök hücre naklinde kötü prognoza sahiptir ve hazýrlama rejimi, sitomegalovirüs reaktivasyonu, amfoterisin B kullanýmý ve özellikle siklosporin düzeyi hematopoetik kök hücre nakil alýcýlarýnda akut böbrek hastalýðý geliþmesi için baðýmsýz risk faktörü olarak göz önünde bulundurulmalýdýr.

INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney disease is an important complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify major risk factors for acute kidney disease in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and its effect on patients survival.
METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of 77 patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at our department from January 2007 to October 2015.
RESULTS: Acute kidney disease developed in 25 of 77 patients (32.5%). The median time to development of acute kidney disease after transplantation was 30 days. Univariate analysis showed that baseline serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase level, amphotericin B use and cyclosporine level were associated with the development of acute kidney disease. Logistic regression multivariate analysis showed that amphotericin B use, cytomegalovirus reactivation, conditioning regimen and cyclosporine level were an independent risk factor for acute kidney disease. Mortality and non-relapse mortality rates were higher in patients with acute kidney disease than in those without acute kidney disease. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, median survival was 18.4 months in patients without acute kidney disease and 12.2 months in patients with acute kidney disease.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Acute kidney disease has a poor prognosis in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and conditioning regimen, cytomegalovirus reactivation, amphotericin B use and particularly cyclosporine level are independent risk factors in the development of acute kidney disease in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients.

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Bu çalýþmada giriþimsel radyoloji ünitemizde US kýlavuzluðunda yaptýðýmýz koaksiyel meme TCB sonuçlarýný ve tanýsal deðerini retrospektif olarak güncel literatür ýþýðýnda gözden geçirdik.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalýþmamýza toplam 343 hasta dahil edildi. Lezyonlar breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS) kullanýlarak ultrasonografik olarak BI-RADS 3, BI-RADS 4 ve BI-RADS 5 olarak kategorize edildi. Tüm lezyonlardan 18 G tam otomatik TCB iðnesi ile multipl biyopsiler alýndý. Ýstatistiksel analiz, SPSS version 18.0 ile yapýldý.
BULGULAR: Histopatolojik inceleme sonrasý lezyonlarýn 129 tanesi malign, 214 tanesi ise benign olarak tespit edildi. Kitlelerin en sýk yerleþim yeri 162 lezyon ile meme üst dýþ kadranýydý. Retroareolar yerleþimli lezyonlarýn benignide yönünden istatistiksel olarak anlamlý olduðu görüldü. Radyolojik deðerlendirmede lezyonlarýn % 39,1 BIRADS 3, % 33,2 BIRADS 4 ve % 27,7 BIRADS 5 olarak sýnýflandýrýldý. BIRADS 3 lezyonlarda benignide için ultrasonografinin pozitif prediktif deðeri % 100 olarak hesaplandý. BIRADS 4 lezyonlarda malignite için ultrasonografinin pozitif prediktif deðeri % 29,8 olarak hesaplandý. BIRADS 5 lezyonlarda malignite için ultrasonografinin pozitif prediktif deðeri %100 olarak deðerlendirildi.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Bizim çalýþmamýzda tanýsal yetersiz TCB mevcut deðildi. Ultrasonografik olarak 134 olgu BIRADS 3 tanýsý almýþtý ve hepsi benign olarak raporlandý. Bu bulgu BIRADS-3 lezyonlarý takip yönünden cesaretlendirmektedir. Çalýþmamýzda BIRADS 4 lezyonlarýn % 29,8'i malign taný aldý. Bununla birlikte bu grup lezyonlarýn büyük kýsmýný benign lezyonlar oluþturmaktadýr. Bu durum gereksiz biyopsileri beraberinde getirmekle birlikte BIRADS 4 lezyonlarda TCB endikasyonuna neden olmaktadýr. BIRADS 5 olarak yorumlanan 95 olgunun tümü de malign taný almýþtýr. Bu nedenle BIRADS 5 lezyonlara mutlaka TCB yapýlmalýdýr. Sonuç olarak meme lezyonlarýnýn US ile sýnýflandýrýlmasý ve ultrasonografi kýlavuzluðunda yapýlan koaksiyel TCB, hýzlý uygulanan, hýzlý sonuç alýnan, hastaya fazla rahatsýzlýk vermeden daha güvenilir preoperatif planlamaya olanak saðlayan etkin bir yöntemdir.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the results and diagnostic value of the US guided coaxial breast TCB with current literature.
METHODS: A total of 343 patients were included in the study. The lesions were categorized as BI-RADS 3, BI-RADS 4 and BI-RADS 5 by using breast imaging reporting and data system (BI-RADS). Multiple biopsies were obtained from all lesions with coaxial fully automated TCB needle. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 18.0.
RESULTS: After histopathological examination, 129 lesions were malign and 214 lesions were benign. The most frequent site of the masses was the upper external quadrant of the breast with 162 lesions. Retroareolar lesions were found to be benign in terms of statistical significance. Radiologically, 39.1% of the lesions were classified as BIRADS 3, 33.2% as BIRADS 4, and 27.7% as BIRADS 5. For BIRADS 3 lesions, the positive predictive value of ultrasonography for benign is 100%. The positive predictive value of ultrasonography for malignancy in BIRADS 4 lesions was calculated to be 29.8%. For BIRADS 5 lesions, the positive predictive value of ultrasonography for malignancy was evaluated as 100%.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In our study, there was no non-diagnostic TCB. All of the 134 patients classifying BI RADS 3 were reported as benign. This finding encourages follow-up of BIRADS-3 lesions. Approximately 29,8% of BIRADS 4 lesions were diagnosed as malign in our study. However, most of these group lesions are benign lesions. This situation leads to the indication of TCB in BIRADS 4 lesions, while bringing in unnecessary biopsies. All 95 patients who were interpreted as BIRADS 5 were diagnosed as malignant. Therefore, BIRADS 5 lesions should be performed with biopsy. As a conclusion; Classification of breast lesions by US and ultrasonography guided coaxial TCB is an effective method which enables faster reliable preoperative planning without causing discomfort to the patient.

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Kemik vücudun iskeletini oluþturan, son derece karýþýk ve yüksek oranda özelleþmiþ bir bað dokusudur. Ancak bazen travma, enfeksiyon ve tümörler gibi nedenlerden ötürü oluþan kemik defektleri, kemik dokusu ile iyileþemeyebilir. Böyle durumlarda iyileþmeyi kolaylaþtýrmak veya baþlatmak için kemik defektlerinin kemik greft materyalleri ile doldurulmasý gerekebilir. Biz bu çalýþmada benign kemik tümörlerinde defekti doldurmak için sentetik kemik grefti kullanýlan hastalar ile kansellöz allogreft kullanýlan hastalarýn greftlerinin kaynama hýzlarýný deðerlendirmeyi amaçladýk.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Bu çalýþmada 2009 - 2013 tarihleri arasýnda Dr. A.Y. Ankara Onkoloji Eðitim ve Araþtýrma Hastanesi Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Kliniði’nde benign kemik tümörü tanýsý alan ve cerrahi tedavi yapýlan hastalarda kullanýlan greftlerden sentetik kemik grefti (beta trikalsiyum fosfat) ile kansellöz allogreft arasýndaki kaynama süreleri incelenmiþtir. Vakalar retrospektif olarak deðerlendirilmiþtir ve her iki grup için 26’ þar hasta çalýþmaya dahil edilmiþtir.
BULGULAR: Sentetik greft kullanýlan hastalarda kaynama süresi ortalamasý 149.26 gün ve kansellöz greft kullanýlan hastalarda ise 103.35 gündür. 20 yaþ altýndaki hastalarda kaynama süresi ortalamasý 125.38 gün ve 21 yaþ ve üstündeki hastalarda 124.35 gündür. Çalýþma sonuçlarýna göre sentetik greft kullanýlan hastalar ile kansellöz greft kullanýlan hastalar arasýnda kaynama süresi açýsýndan istatistiksel olarak anlamlý fark bulunmaktadýr (U=160,500 p< 0.05).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Benign kemik tümörleri genellikle kavitenin küretajý, agresif tümörlerde adjuvan uygulanmasý ve oluþan defektin doldurulmasý ile tedavi edilir. Günümüzde defekti doldurmak için Polimetilmetakrilat (PMMA), sentetik kemik grefti, allogreft kemik ve otogreft kemik kullanýlmaktadýr. Allogreftlerin bulaþýcý hastalýk, derin enfeksiyon ve riskleri mevcut olup biyolojik özellikleri hazýrlandýktan sonra deðiþmektedir. Otogreftlerde donör saha morbiditesi mevcut olup miktarlarý sýnýrlýdýr. Bazý yazarlar defektleri boþ býrakmayý önermekte fakat bu da erken kýrýk ya da kollapsa sebep olabilmektedir. Bu kýsýtlýlýklardan kaçýnmak için sentetik kemik greftlerinin kullanýmý giderek popüler hale gelmiþtir fakat bu çalýþmadan çýkan sonuca göre sentetik allogreft olarak beta trikalsiyum fosfat kansellöz allogrefte göre daha geç kaynamaktadýr.

INTRODUCTION: Bone is a complex and specialized connective tisssue. However, bone defects caused by trauma, infection and tumors sometimes may not heal with bone tissue. In such cases, bone defects may need to be filled with bone graft materials to facilitate or start healing. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the bone healing rates of grafted defects with synthetic bone grafts and cancellous allografts in benign bone tumors.
METHODS: The union rates between synthetic bone grafts (beta tricalcium phosphate) and cancellous allografts used in patients who were diagnosed benign bone tumor treated surgically in Dr.A.Y.Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospita lOrthopedics and Traumatology Clinic between 2009 and 2013. The cases were evaluated retrospectively and 26 patients were included for both groups.
RESULTS: The mean duration of graft union was 149.26 days in patients using synthetic grafts and 103.35 days in patients using cancellous grafts. The mean duration of union was 125.38 days in patients under 20 years of age and 124.35 days in patients 21 years and older. There is a statistically significant difference in the duraton of graft union between the patients with synthetic grafts and those with cancellous allografts (p <0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Benign bone tumors are usually treated with curettage of the cavity, adjuvant application in aggressive tumors, and filling of resulting defect. Today, polymethylmethacrylate, synthetic bone grafts, allografts and autografts are used to fill the defect. Allografts have risk of infectious diseases,deep infection and usually change their biological properties after prepared. In autografts, donor site morbidity exists and sources are limited. Some authors suggest leaving the defects empty, but this can lead to premature fractures or collapse. To avoid these limitations, the use of synthetic bone grafts has become popular, but as a result of this study, beta-tricalcium phosphate as a synthetic allograft has been healed later than cancellous allografts.

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Annexin A1 (AnxA1) proteini, çok sayýda hücre ve dokuda eksprese olan ve inflamatuvar yanýtý bloke eden bir proteindir. Günümüzde oldukça yaygýn görülen bir kanser türü olan kolorektal kansere inflamasyon geliþimi eþlik etmektedir. Bu çalýþmada AnxA1 proteininin kolorektal kanserde inflamasyon geliþimi üzerine etkisinin deðerlendirilmesi amaçlanmýþtýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalýþma 74 kolorektal kanser hastasý ve 79 saðlýklý kontrol grubu ile gerçekleþtirilmiþtir. Gönüllülerden toplanan kan örneklerinden serum ve RNA izolasyonu yapýlmýþtýr. Dolaþýmdaki AnxA1 ve interlökin-6 (IL-6) düzeyleri ile sitozolik ve sekretuvar fosfolipaz A2 (cPLA2, sPLA2) aktiviteleri Elisa yöntemi ile saptanmýþtýr. AnxA1 ve PLA2 mRNA ekspresyon düzeyleri ise real-time PCR yöntemi ile ölçülmüþtür.
BULGULAR: Hasta grubunda serum AnxA1 düzeyleri anlamlý olarak azalmýþ iken, IL-6 ve sPLA2 düzeylerinin arttýðý saptanmýþtýr. AnxA1 mRNA ekspresyonu da kontrol grubuna göre anlamlý olarak azalmýþtýr. AnxA1 düzeyindeki azalmanýn, inflamasyon belirteçlerindeki artýþ ile korelasyon gösterdiði saptanmýþtýr.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Bu çalýþma, kolorektal kanser hastalarýnda AnxA1 plazma protein düzeyleri ve mRNA ekspresyonu üzerindeki anlamlý deðiþiklikleri göstermiþtir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, AnxA1 proteinin kolorektal kanserde görülen inflamasyon ile iliþkili olabileceðini göstermiþtir. Annexin protein sistemindeki disregülasyon mekanizmasýnýn aydýnlatýlabilmesi için ileri çalýþmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadýr.

INTRODUCTION: Annexin A1 (AnxA1) is a protein that inhibits the inflammatory response and is expressed by various types of cells and tissues. Colorectal cancer, a very common type of cancer today, is accompanied by the development of inflammation. At present study, it has been aimed to evaluate the relationship between AnxA1 protein and the development of inflammation in colorectal cancer.
METHODS: The study was conducted with 74 colorectal cancer patients and 79 healthy patients as the control group. Serum and RNA were isolated from the blood samples collected from volunteers. AnxA1 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in circulation as well as the activity of cytosolic and secretory phospholipase A2 (cPLA2, sPLA2) were determined using Elisa method. AnxA1 and PLA2 mRNA expression levels were measured by real-time PCR technique.
RESULTS: While serum AnxA1 levels were significantly decreased in patients group, IL-6 and sPLA2 levels were detected to be increased. AnxA1 mRNA expression was also significantly reduced compared to the control group. The decrease in AnxA1 level was found to correlate with the increase in inflammation markers.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The present study has shown significant changes on AnxA1 plasma protein levels and mRNA expression in colorectal cancer patients. The data have revealed that AnxA1 protein may be associated with inflammation in colorectal cancer. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanism of dysregulation in the Annexin protein system.

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Kliniðimizde omuz kuþaðý yerleþimli malign kas iskelet sistemi tümörü tanýsý ile tedavi edilen olgularýn tanýsal daðýlýmý ve retrospektif incelenmesi amaçlandý
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Ocak 2001 ile aðustos 2016 yýllarý arasýnda omuz çevresi malign tümörü tanýsý ile takip ve tedavi edilen 187 vaka retrospektif olarak incelendi.Olgular yaþ, cinsiyet, lokalizasyon, histopatolojik taný ve özellikleri açýsýndan deðerlendirildi.
BULGULAR: 187 hastanýn 79' u kadýn (% 42.3), 108' i erkek (%57.7) idi. Hastalarýn cerrahi zamanýndaki yaþ ortalamasý 47.9 ( 2 - 87 yaþ arasý) idi. Hastalarýn 95’i primer tümör, 10’u nüks, 82’si metastaz idi. En sýk tumor yerleþim yeri proksimal humerus idi(108 vaka, %57). Primer tümörler içerisinde en sýk taný ewing’s sarkom idi(21 vaka, %22). Metastatik tümörler içerisinde en sýk görüleni akciðer kanseri metastazý(19 vaka, %23) idi. Ýncelemeye alýnan 187 hastanýn, ortalama tümör boyutu 10.0 cm (3- 78 cm arasý) idi.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Malign tümörlerde erken taný hayati öneme sahiptir. Öykü ve fizik muayenede, lokalizasyona özel yaþ, cinsiyet, kemik-yumuþak doku tutulumu, insidans gibi özelliklerin bilinmesi tanýda önemli bir yardýmcýdýr.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to retrospectively examine diagnostic distribution of the patients treated with diagnosis of shoulder girdle localized malignant musculoskeletal system in our clinic.
METHODS: A total of 187 patients followed-up and treated shoulder girdle malignant tumor between January 2001 and August 2016 were retrospectively investigated. Patients were evaluated in terms of age, gender, localization, histopathological diagnosis and characteristics.
RESULTS: Out of 187 patients 79 were female (42.3%) and 108 were male (57.7%). The mean age of patients at the time of surgery was 47.9 (2-87) years. Of the patients 95 had primary tumor, 10 relaps and 82 metastasis. The most common tumor localization was proximal humerus (108 cases; 57%). Among the primary tumors, the most common diagnosis was Ewing’s sarcoma (21 cases, 22%). The most common metastatic tumor was lung cancer metastasis (19 cases, 23%). The mean tumor size in the 187 patients included was 10.0 cm (3-78 cm).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Early diagnosis is vital in malignant tumors. Knowledge of characteristics such as localization specific age, gender, bone-soft tissue involvement and incidence in medical history and physical examination is helpful in the diagnosis.

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Akciðer kanserleri tüm dünyada oldukça yaygýn olarak görülen ve mortalitesi yüksek olan neoplazmlardýr. Akciðer kanserlerinde, önceden bilinen prognostik faktörlerin, tümörün klinik seyrindeki ve prognozundaki deðiþkenliði yansýtmada yetersiz kaldýðý bilinmektedir. Çalýþmamýzda küçük hücreli dýþý akciðer kanserlerinde opere edilen hastalarýn tümör DNA ploidi tipinin prognoza olan etkisinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmýþtýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: : Küçük hücreli dýþý akciðer kanserli 35 hasta opere edildi. Taze tümör dokusundan flow sitometrik inceleme yapýlarak tümör DNA ploidi tipi ile proliferasyon aktivitesi(Sfazý) belirlendi. Bu veriler hastalarýn TNM evresi, histopatolojik tipi ve takip süresi içindeki son durumu ile karþýlaþtýrýldý.
BULGULAR: DNA ploidi analizi sonucunda 35 olgunun 16’sýnda(%45,8) anöploidi ve 19’unda da (%54,2) diploidi saptandý. Ploidi tipi ve S fazý ile histopatolojik tip, TNM evresi ve klinik son durum karþýlaþtýrýldýðýnda özellikle anöploid DNA’lý ve/veya S fazý yüksek olan olgularda nüks veya metastazlar gözlendi.(p<0,05)
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Küçük hücreli dýþý akciðer kanserlerinde, tümör DNA ploidi tipi ile S fazý, tümörün biyolojik davranýþýný yansýtan ve prognoza etkili faktörler olarak deðerlendirildi.

INTRODUCTION: Lung cancers widespread throughout the world. Previously known prognostic factors in lung cancers are inadequate in reflecting a change in prognosis and clinical course of the tumour. The aim of this study was to determine the effect on prognosis of tumour DNA ploidy type in are neoplasms with high mortality rates that are extremely patients operated on for non small cell lung cancer.
METHODS: A total of 35 patients were operated on because of non small cell lung cancer. Using flow cytometric examination of fresh tumour tissue, the proliferation activity (S phase) was determined together with tumour DNA ploidy type. These data were compared with the TNM grade, the histopathological type and the last status of patients within the follow-up period.
RESULTS: As a result of DNA ploidy analysis, aneuploidy was determined in 16 (45.8%) patients and diploidy in 19 (54.2%). When the ploidy type and S phase were compared with histopathological type, TNM grade and last clinical status, recurrence and metastasis were observed at a significantly higher rate in cases with anaploidy DNA and/or high S phase (p<0.05)
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Tumour DNA ploidy type and S phase can be evaluated as effective prognostic factors reflecting the biological behaviour of the tumour in non small cell lung cancers.

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: PT1cN0M0 meme kanserili hastalarýn bazý alt gruplarý, yüksek bir relaps potansiyeli taþýr ve bu nedenle adjuvan kemoterapi verilmesini gerektirebilir. Biz bu çalýþmada, pT1cN0Mo meme kanserli hastalarda adjuvan kemoterapinin etkinliðini ve prognostik önemi olabilecek faktörleri tanýmlamayý amaçladýk.

YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalýþmamýza iki merkezden 1990-2013 tarihleri arasýnda opere edilmiþ pT1cN0M0 meme kanserli kadýn hastalar alýndý. Adjuvan kemoterapi kýsmen standardize edildi. ( doksorubisin ve siklofosfamid kombinasyonuna ilabe taksan eklendi yada eklenmedi veya 5-florourasil, doksorubisin, siklofosfamid kombinasyonu uygulandý). Datanýn analizinde Chi-Square ve Mann-Whitney U Testleri kullanýldý. Ýstatiksel anlamlýlýk p<0.05 olarak kabul edildi.
BULGULAR: Sadece T1cNoMo meme kanseri olan iki yüz on sekiz bayan hasta bu çalýþma için alým kriterlerini karþýladý. Çalýþmamýzda düþük olay oraný olmasýna raðmen tek deðiþkenli analizde adjuvan kemoterapinin etkili olduðu 2 grup belirledik. Bu gruplar Her2 negatif(p: 0.045) ve Grade 2(p: 0.033) gruplarýydý. Çok deðiþkenli analizde,Her2 durumu ve progesteron durumu baðýmsýz prognoz faktörlör olarak saptandý.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Bulgularýmýz, PR ve HER-2 durumlarýnýn prognostik öneme sahip olduðunu ve adjuvan kemoterapinin bazý T1c tümör alt gruplarýnda hastalýksýz saðkalým avantajý saðlayabileceðini göstermiþtir. Tedaviyi daha iyi bireyselleþtirmek ve sistemik tedaviyi sýnýrlamak için daha fazla yeni prognostik ve prediktif testlere ihtiyaç vardýr.

INTRODUCTION: A subgroup of pT1cN0M0 breast cancer carries a high potential of relapse, and thus may require adjuvant chemotherapy. In this study, we aimed to identify the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with pT1cN0Mo breast cancer and the factors that may be prognostic prognostic factors

METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all patients with pT1c breast cancer, who underwent surgery from 1990 to 2013 at two centers. AC was partially standardized. (doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide with or without taxan or 5-fluorouracil plus doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide). Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U tests were used in the analysis of data. Statistical significance was accepted as p <0.05.

RESULTS: Two hundred and eighteen female patients only with T1cNoMo breast cancer met the eligibility criteria for this study. Despite the low incidence rate in our study, we identified 2 groups in which adjuvant chemotherapy was effective in univariate analysis. These groups were Her2 negative (p: 0.045) and Grade 2 (p: 0.033) groups. In multivariate analysis, HER-2 status and progesterone status were independent prognostic factors.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our findings imply that PR and HER-2 statuses had prognostic significance and adjuvant chemotherapy may offer adisease free survival advantage in some subgroups of T1c tumors. New prognostic and predictive tests are needed to better individualize the therapy and confine the systemic treatment.

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Servikal, endometrial, mesane ve prostat gibi pelvik kanserin farklý türleri normalde ya sadece radikal radyoterapi ile yada cerrahi ve kemoterapi birlikte kombinasyon halinde tedavi edilebilir. Bu çalýþmanýn amacý, pelvik radyasyona maruz kalan sýçanlarda eþzamanlý Giardia intestinalis enfeksiyonunun akut gastrointestinal toksisite üzerine etkilerinin araþtýrýlmasýdýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalýþma grubu, 250 g aðýrlýða sahip kýrk adet 6 aylýk diþi Wistar sýçandan oluþmaktadýr. Sýçanlar, herbir grupta 10 adet sýçan olacak þekilde dört gruba ayrýldý. Çalýþma gruplarý; Grup 1, Giardia intestinalis ile enfekte olmayan ve radyoterapi almayan sýçanlar, Grup 2, radyoterapi almamýþ, ancak Giardia intestinalis ile enfekte olan sýçanlar, Grup 3, Giardia intestinalis ile enfekte olmamýþ fakat radyoterapi almýþ sýçanlar, Grup 4'te hem Giardia intestinalis ile enfekte olan hemde radyoterapi alan sýçanlardan oluþmaktadýr. Radyasyon bittikten sonraki gün, hayvan vücut aðýrlýklarý kayýtedildi ve dýþkýlama sýklýðý hesaplandý. Ratlar perfore edilerek sakrifiye edildi, ince baðýrsak dokularý histolojik inceleme için alýndý.
BULGULAR: Iþýk mikroskopik incelemesinin sonucu olarak, grup 3 ve 4 ‘te villus kýsalmasý, yüzeyel epitelinde atrofi, kriptalarda kayýp gibi mukozal hasarlar ve goblet sayýsýnda azalma tespit edildi.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Bu çalýþmanýn bir sonucu olarak, Giardia intestinalis enfeksiyonu ile eþzamanlý olarak pelvik radyoterapi uygulanmasý sýçanlarda akut gastrointestinal toksisiteyi arttýrmýþtýr.

INTRODUCTION: Different types of pelvic cancer, such as cervical, endometrial, bladder and prostate, are normally treated by radical radiotherapy, which can be used both alone or in combination with surgery and/or chemotherapy.The aim of this study is to assess the effects of concomitant Giardia intestinalis infection on acute gastrointestinal toxicity in rats that have undergone pelvic irradiation.
METHODS: The study group consisted of forty female 6-month-old Wistar rats with the weight of 250 g. The rats were divided into four groups containing ten rats in each group. The study groups are as follows: Group 1 contained rats not infected with Giardia intestinalis and not irradiated, Group 2 contained rats infected with Giardia intestinalis but not irradiated, Group 3 contained rats not infected with Giardia intestinalis but irradiated, Group 4 contained rats infected with Giardia intestinalis and radiated. For the day after the end of radiation, the number of stool pellets was counted, and the operation of weighing rats was performed, and they were sacrificed the following day. The intestinal tissues were taken for histological evaluation.
RESULTS: A mucosal damage, such as villus shortening, atrophy of surface epithelium, crypt loss, as well as a decrease in the number of goblet cells of the group 3 and 4, was detected as a result of the light microscopic examination.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result of the present study, the fact that concomitant Giardia intestinalis infection aggravates acute gastrointestinal toxicity in rats that have undergone pelvic irradiation has been verified

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Adenozin deaminaz (ADA), pürin ve DNA metabolizmasýna katýlan ve serbest oksijen radikali (SOR) oluþumunun mekanizmasýnda yer alan anahtar bir enzimdir. Araþtýrmalar, avokadonun kanser önleyici özelliklerinden birinin aðýrlýklý olarak SOR üretimi sonucu olduðunu göstermektedir. Bu çalýþmada amacýmýz, Avokado yapraðý ektresinin, kanserli ve kanserli olmayan larinksdokularýnda ADA'nýn aktivite seviyesine olasý etkilerinin araþtýrýlmasýdýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: On üç hastanýn larinks karsinom dokusunun ADA aktiviteleri, Avokado yaprak ekstreli ve ekstresiz, tümörlü ve tümörsüz kontrol dokularý ile karþýlaþtýrýlarak, fark açýsýndan deðerlendirildi.
BULGULAR: ADA aktivitesi kanserli dokularda kanserli olmayan kontrol dokularýna göre anlamlý olarak artmýþtýr (p <0.001). Avokado yaprak ekstresi, kanserli dokulardaki ADA aktivitelerini (r = 0.93, p <0.001) kanserli olmayan (r = 0.60, p = 0.029) dokudan daha fazla arttýrmýþtýr.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: ADA enzim aktivitesinin yüksekliði, substratlarýnýn (adenozin ve deoksiadenozin) toksik birikimine karþý telafi edici bir mekanizma þeklinde açýklanabilir. Bu durumda Avokado yapraðý ekstresi, kanserli dokularda larenks kanseri olmayan dokulara kýyasla daha yüksek ADA aktivitesine yol açarak bu toksik birikimi engelleyebilir.

INTRODUCTION: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a key enzyme that participate in purine and DNA metabolism and one of the central mechanism of free oxygen radical (FOR) formation. Studies have indicated that, one of the cancer-preventing properties of avocado occurs mainly by FOR production. Our aim in this study is to investigate possible potential effects of the aqueous extract of Avocado leaf on the activity level of ADA in cancerous and non-cancerous tissues of larynx for elucidation of the molecular mechanism.
METHODS: The ADA activities of the larynx carcinoma tissues of thirteen patients were compared with the adjacent tumor-free control tissues with and without Avocado leaf extract were evaluated in terms of difference.
RESULTS: The ADA activities were significantly increased in cancerous tissues compared with the noncancerous control tissues (p<0.001). The extract of avocado leaf increased the ADA activities in cancerous tissues (r=0.93, p <0.001) more than noncancerous (r=0.60, p=0.029) tissues significantly.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our results can be explained as elevated ADA enzyme activity is a compensatory mechanism against toxic accumulation of its substrates (adenosine and deoxyadenosine) and Avocado activates ADA actitvity in cancerous tissues higher than non-cancerous tissues of larynx.

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Çalýþmanýn amacý sentinel lenf nodu saptanmasýnda radyonüklid ve metilen mevisi metotlarýnýn baþarý oranlarýný karþýlaþtýrmak ve meme kanseri bulunan hastalarda bu teknik veya teknik kombinasyonlarýnýn baþarý oranlarýný deðerlendirmektir.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Bu prospektif çalýþmada Þubat 2006 ve Mart 2010 tarihleri arasýnda Ankara Onkoloji Eðitim ve Araþtýrma Hastanesine baþvuran 287 meme kanseri hastasý deðerlendirilmiþtir. Sadece metilen mavisi metodu uygulanan hastalara Grup I, sadece radyokolloid madde metodu uygulanan hastalara Grup II, hem metilen mavisi hem de radyokolloid madde uygulanan hastalara ise Grup II adý verildi. Hastalar gruplara rastgele olarak daðýtýldý. Her bir tekniðin baþarý oranlarý ve toplam baþarý oranlarý karþýlaþtýrýldý.
BULGULAR: Tüm gruplar ele alýndýðýnda sentinel lenf nodu saptanmasýnda toplam baþarý oraný %83,3 olarak hesaplandý Gruplara ayrý ayrý bakýldýðýnda Grup I (tek baþýna metilen mavisi) için baþarý oraný %80, Grup II (tek baþýna radyokolloid madde) için %84,9 ve Grup III (kombine grup) için %90.6 baþarý oraný hesaplandý. Ýstatistiksel olarak Grup I ve Grup II arasýnda fark görülmezken (p=0,425) Grup I ve Grup III arasýnda istatistiksel olarak anlamlý fark izlendi (p<0,05).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Vital boyalarýn ve radyoaktif koloidal maddelerin tek baþýna kullanýmýnda sentinel lenf nodu saptanmasý baþarý oranlarý yüksektir ancak metotlar kombine edildiðinde bu baþarý oraný anlamlý þekilde artmaktadýr.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study to compare the success rates of radionuclide and methylene blue methods in detecting sentinel lymph nodes and evaluate the success rates of techniques or technique combinations in breast cancer patients.
METHODS: In this prospective study we evaluated 287 breast cancer patients referred to Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital between February 2006 and March 2010. Patients whom we performed methylene blue method alone was named as Group I, radiocolloid substance method alone as Group II and both methylene blue and radiocolloid method as Group III. Patients dispatched groups randomly. We calculated the overall success rate and success rates of each techniques seperately.
RESULTS: When considered for all groups overall sentinel lymph node detecting success rate was 83,3%. When considered for each group, success rate was 80% for group I (methylene blue alone group), 84,9% for group II (radiocolloid substance alone group) and 90,6% for group III (combined group). Statistically there was no difference between group I and group II (p=0,425) but there was a statistical difference between group I and group III (p<0,05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The usage of vital dyes and radioactive colloidal substances alone has high success rates but combined method increases the success rate obviously.

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Perkütan nefrolitotomi (PNL), böbrek taþlarýnýn tedavisinde sýk kullanýlan bir tedavi yöntemidir. PNL genellikle pron pozisyonda yapýlamasýna raðmen pozisyonel bazý dezavantajlar göz önüne alýnarak supin pozisyonda PNL geliþtirilmiþtir. Bu çalýþmada kliniðimizde supin posizyonda yapýlan PNL sonuçlarýmýzýn sunulmasý amaçlanmýþtýr.

YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Kliniðimizde Kasým 2016-Haziran 2018 tarihleri arasýnda böbrek taþý nedeniyle supin pozisyonda PNL yapýlan 74 hastanýn verileri retrospektif olarak tarandý. Hastalarýn yaþ, cinsiyet, ortalama taþ boyutu, operasyon süresi, floroskopi süresi, hospitalizasyon süresi, taþsýzlýk oranlarý ve cerrahi sonrasý komplikayonlar kaydedildi.

BULGULAR: Çalýþmaya dahil edilen 74 hastanýn 46’sý erkek, 28’i kadýndý. Hastalarýn ortalama yaþý 52±14.6 olarak hesaplandý. Ortalama taþ boyutu 2.4±0.62 cm idi. Ortalama operasyon süresi 58.7±19.24 dk, floroskopi süresi 3.61±1.35 dk, ortalama hospitalizasyon süresi ise 2.9 (1-6) gün olarak saptandý. Hasta serimizdeki taþsýzlýk oraný %86.48 olarak hesaplandý. Takiplerde komplikasyon izlenme oraný ise %6.7 olarak bulundu.

TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Böbrek taþý tedavisinde supin PNL yüksek taþsýzlýk oranlarý ile etkin ve güvenilir bir tedavi seçeneðidir. Hasta ve cerrah konforu, iþlem sýrasýnda üretral giriþim yapýlabilmesi ve kabul edilebilir anestezik riskleri ile PNL cerrahilerinde supin posizyon tercih edilebilecek bir yaklaþýmdýr.

INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) is a widely used treatment choice for renal stones. Usually, PNL has been performed in prone position but due to some disadvantages of this pozisiton supine PNL has been described. In this study, we aimed to present the outcomes of PNL applied in supine position in our clinic.

METHODS: Retrospective data was collected on 74 patients underwent PNL in supine position between November 2016 and June 2018. Patients’ demographics, stone size, operation time, fluoroscopy time, hospitalization time, stone free rates and complications were collected.

RESULTS: Fourty-six men, twenty-eight women underwent supine PNL with a mean stone size of 2.4±0.62 cm. The mean age of the patients were 52±14.6 years. The mean operation, fluoroscopy and hispitalization time were 58.7±19.24 min, 3.61±1.35 min and 2.9 (1-6) days, respectively. The stone free rates among 74 patients was 86.48%. During the follow-up period, the total complication rate was 6.7%.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: For treatment of kidney stone supine PNL is a safe and effective procedure with high stone free rates. Supine position can be preferred in terms of patient and surgeon comfort, allowing urethral Access during the surgery and acceptable anesthetic risks.

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Kronik sývý yükü hemodiyalize giren hastalarda sýk karþýlaþýlan bir sorundur. Bu çalýþmada, hemodiyalize giren hastalarda biyoimpedans analizi (BÝA) ile ölçülen sývý yükü parametreleri ile sistolik, diyastolik kan basýncý, nabýz dalga hýzý (PWv) nabýz basýncý, kardiyak indeks (CI) ve kardiyak output (CO) gibi hemodinamik parametreler arasýndaki iliþkinin gösterilmesi amaçlandý.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: : Son dönem böbrek hastalýðý tanýsý ile en az üç aydýr hemodiyalize giren ve medikal olarak stabil 100 hasta çalýþmaya alýndý. Biyoimpedans cihazý (BCM, Fresenius) ile yapýlan vücut kompozisyon analizinde sistolik ve diyastolik kan basýncý, vücut kitle indeksi (VKÝ), yaðsýz doku indeksi (LTI), ekstraselüler sývý volumü (ECW), intraselüler sývý volumü (ICW), yaðsýz doku kütlesi (LTM) düzeyleri belirlendi. PWv, nabýz basýncý (PP), CI, CO, sistolik basýnç artýþý (AIx) ve total vasküler direnç (TVR) nabýz dalga hýzý cihazý ile ölçüldü (Mobil-O-Graph).
BULGULAR: Ortalama yaþ 47.5 ± 16.2 idi. Ultrafiltrasyon volumü ve hipervolemi sýklýðý sistolik kan basýncý, ECW, ICW, VKÝ, (p<0.005); PWv, CO, TVR, CI ve AIx ile pozitif korele (p<0.001), LTI ile ters orantýlý saptandý (p < 0.05). Hipervolemi, prediyaliz serum sodyum düzeyinden baðýmsýzdý. PP, CO, TVR, CI, AIx, Kt/V, E/I ve faz50 açýsý PWV’nin belirleyicileri olarak saptandý (p<0.005). Sistolik kan basýncý, PP, CO, TVR, AIx, PWv, ECW, ICW ve E/I hipervoleminin belirleyicileri olarak saptandý (p<0.001).
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Çalýþmamýzda hipervoleminin nabýz dalga hýzý progresyonu, artmýþ sistolik kan basýncý, nabýz basýncý ve vasküler direnç ile iliþkili olduðu gösterilmiþtir.

INTRODUCTION: Chronic fluid overload is a common issue in patients undergoing hemodialysis. In present study, we aimed to investigate fluid volume parameters by bioimpedance analysis (BIA) and their relationship to hemodynamic parameters as systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWv), PP, cardiac index (CI) and cardiac output (CO) in patients ongoing hemodialysis.
METHODS: One hundred end stage renal disease patients who were medically stable and undergoing dialysis treatment for at least 3 months were enrolled to the study. Body compositions were analyzed with the BIA technique (BCM, Fresenius) that estimates systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) lean tissue index (LTI), extracellular volume (ECW), intracellular volume (ICW), lean tissue mass (LTM) and phase angle levels. PWv, pulse pressure, CI, CO, systolic pressure augmentation (AIx) and total vascular resistance (TVR) were evaluated with PWv analysis monitor (Mobil-O-Graph).
RESULTS: The mean age was 47.5 ± 16.2. Ultrafiltration volume and overhydration frequency were positively correlated with systolic blood pressure, ECW, ICW, BMI (p<0.05) and hemodynamic parameters as PWv, PP, CO, TVR, CI and AIx (p<0.001), and negatively correlated with LTI (p <0.05). PP, CO, TVR, CI, AIx, Kt/V, E/I and phi50 were the predictors of pulse wave velocity (p<0.05). Systolic blood pressure, PP, CO, TVR, CI, AIx, PWv, ECW, ICW and E/I were the predictors of overhydration (p<0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Present study concluded that overhydration is associated with increased PWv, systolic blood pressure, PP and vascular resistance

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: Prostat kanseri erkeklerde en sýk görülen kanser olup, taramasýnda dijital rektal muayene (DRM) ve kan prostat spesifik antijen (PSA) seviyesi ölçümü kullanýlmaktadýr. Yakýn geçmiþte prostat kanseri açýsýndan þüpheli hastalarýn tanýsýnda multiparametrik magnetik rezonans görüntüleme (MpMRI) kullanýmý giderek artmýþtýr.
Bu çalýþmada kliniðimizde prostat kanseri þüphesi ile MpMRI yapýlan hastalarýn Prostat Görüntüleme Raporlama ve Bilgi Sistemi (PI-RADS) skorlarý transrektal ultrasonografi (TRUS) kýlavuzluðunda yapýlan prostat biopsisi patolojileri ile karþýlaþtýrýlmýþtýr.

YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Kliniðimizde Aðustos 2017-Ocak 2018 tarihleri arasýnda PSA deðeri ≥4 ng/ml ve/veya DRM’de þüpheli bulgular nedeniyle prostat biyopsisi planlanan 40 hasta çalýþmaya dahil edildi. Tüm hastalar biyopsi öncesinde mpMRI ile deðerlendirdi ve sonrasýnda TRUS eþliðinde kognitif biyopsi yapýldý. Olgularýn yaþ, PSA düzeyi, DRM bulgularý kaydedildi. Hastalarýn mpMRI’larýndaki Pi-RADS skorlarý biyopsilerinde saptanan Gleason skorlarý ile karþýlaþtýrýldý
BULGULAR: Hastalarýn ortalama yaþý 64±9,4, ortalama PSA deðeri 9,85±3,87 ng/ml, ortalama prostat boyutu ise 61±18 gr idi. Yapýlan histopatolojik inceleme sonucunda 40 hastanýn 24ünde prostat kanseri saptandý. MpMRI sonrasý yapýlan kognitif biyosinin prostat kanseri saptamadaki duyarlýlýðý %87.5 iken özgüllüðü %68.75 olarak bulundu. Prostat kanseri þüphesi olan hastalarda MpMRI görüntüleri sonucu raporlanan Pi-RADS skorunun pozitif prediktif deðeri (PPV) %80.7 iken negatif prediktif deðeri (NPV) ise %78 olarak hesaplandý.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Mevcut bilgiler ýþýðýndan prostat kanseri açýsýndan þüpheli hastalarda MpMRI yapýlmasý ve Pi-RADS skoru yüksek odaklardan biyopsi yapýlmasý önerilmektedir.

INTRODUCTION: Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men population, and clinical suspicion of prostate cancer is typically based on digital rectal examination and/or the finding of elevated prostate spesific antigen (PSA). Nowadays MpMRI has an emerging role in diagnostic evaluation of prostate cancer.
In this study, we aimed to evaluate the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (Pi-RADS) scores with the results of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided targeted cognitif prostate biopsy.

METHODS: We evaluated the data of 40 patients who underwent MpMRI and TRUS cognitif biopsy due to suspicion of prostate cancer and/or ≥4 ng/ml PSA value and/or abnormal digital rectal examination at our clinic between August 2017 – January 2018. Patients age, PSA values and digital rectal examinations were recorded. A retrospectif review of Pi-RADS scores according to MpMRI and biopsi, Gleason scores were compared.
RESULTS: Overall, biopsies were positive in 24/40 patients. The mean age, the mean PSA value and the mean prostate volüme of patients were 64±9,4, 9,85±3,87 ng/ml and 61±18 g, respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value and pozitif predictive value of Pi-RADS scores according to MpMRI were 87.5%, 68.75%, 78% and 80.7%, respectively.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: MpMRI may be recommended for evaluation of prostate cancer suspicious cases and prostate biopsy will be performed according to Pi-RADS scores.

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: American College of Radiology’nin Meme Görüntüleme Raporlama ve Veri Sistemi (BI-RADS) rehberinin 5. baskýsýna göre bugüne kadar az sayýda çalýþmada, kitlesel olmayan kontrast tutulumu (non mass enhancement=NME) lezyonlarýnýn özellikleri araþtýrýlmýþtýr ve bu alana iliþkin yapýlacak yeni çalýþmalarýn gerekliliðinden söz edilmiþtir. Bu çalýþmada meme Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme (MRG)’de saptanan NME lezyonlarýnýn özelliklerinin araþtýrýlmasý amaçlandý.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Çalýþmada 2015 ve 2017 yýllarý arasýnda Ankara Onkoloji Eðitim ve Araþtýrma Hastanesi’nde çekilen tüm meme MRG tetkikleri retrospektif taranarak deðerlendirildi. Bu süre zarfýnda 23 hastada saptanan NME lezyonu çalýþma grubunu oluþturdu. NME lezyonlarýnýn daðýlýmý, paterni, dinamik eðri tipleri, difüzyon kýsýtlamasý olup olmadýðý, kistik yapý olup olmadýðý, fizik muayenede palpabl kitlenin bulunup bulunmadýðý ve biyopsi sonuçlarý deðerlendirildi.
BULGULAR: Hastalarýn yaþ ortalamasý 43.86±6.95 (34-62) yýl idi. Biyopsi sonuçlarýna göre 12’si (%52.2) benign, 5’i (%21.7) malign idi. NME lezyonlarýnýn daðýlým paterni incelendiðinde 10’u (%43.5) çoklu bölgesel, 13’ü (%56.5) bölgesel nitelikte idi. Malign karakterli lezyonlarýn tamamýnýn bölgesel patern gösterdiði izlendi. Dinamik eðrilerden en fazla saptanan persistan patern olan tip 1 (13, %56.5) eðri idi. Daha sonra plato patern olan tip 2 (9, %39.1) eðri görüldü. Lezyonlardan 4 (%17.4) tanesi palpabl idi.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Çalýþmada çoklu bölgesel daðýlým, bölgesel daðýlýmdan daha sýk izlendi. Malign lezyonlarda benignlere göre bölgesel daðýlým paterni anlamlý olarak daha yüksek görüldü. NME lezyonlarý ve daðýlým paternleri ile internal kontrastlanma paternleri hakkýnda ileri çalýþmalar özellikle çok merkezli çalýþmalar yapýlmalýdýr.

INTRODUCTION: According to the 5th edition of Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon of the American College of Radiology (ACR), the features of non-mass enhancement (NME) lesions have been investigated in a small number of studies and the need for new studies on this area has been mentioned. In this study, we aimed to investigate the features of NME lesions of breast detected in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).
METHODS: All breast MRIs performed at the Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital between 2015 and 2017 were reviewed and evaluated retrospectively. During this period, 23 NME lesions were detected in the MRI and constituted the study group. Distribution and pattern of NME lesions, curve types, presence of diffusion restriction, and presence of cystic structure, presence of palpable mass on physical examination and biopsy results were evaluated.
RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 43.86 ± 6.95 (34-62) years. According to the biopsy results, 12 lesions (52.2%) were benign and 5 (21.7%) were malignant. When the distribution pattern of NME lesions was examined, 10 (43.5%) were multiple regional and 13 (56.5%) were regional. It was observed that all of the malignant lesions showed a regional pattern. The most frequently detected dynamic curve type was perseverative pattern, type 1 (13, 56.5%) curve. Type 2 curve with plateau pattern was observed in 9 (39.1%) lesions. Four (17.4%) of the lesions were palpable.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Multiple regional distribution was more frequent distribution type than regional distribution in our study. Regional distribution pattern was significantly more frequent in malignant lesions compared to benign lesions. Further research, especially multi-center studies on distribution pattern and internal enhancement pattern of NME lesions should be performed.

GÝRÝÞ ve AMAÇ: u çalýþmamýzda total mastektomi uygulanan hastalarda latissimus dorsi kas deri flebi +implant ile geç dönem meme rekonstrüksiyonu yapýlan hastalar incelenip estetik sonuçlarýn ve komplikasyonlarýn deðerlendirilmesi amaçlanmýþtýr.
YÖNTEM ve GEREÇLER: Bu çalýþmaya latissimus dorsi kas-deri flebi ve implant ile geç dönem rekonstrüksiyon uygulanan total mastektomili hastalar dahil edildi.
BULGULAR: 2013-2018 yýllarý arasýnda toplam 24 hasta ve 25 total mastektomi uygulanmýþ memeye geç dönemde latissimus dorsi kas-deri flebi+ implant ile rekonstrüksiyon uygulandý. Tüm kadýn hastalarýn yaþ ortalamasý 44.0 olarak hesaplandý. 12 sað meme ve 13 sol memeye rekonstrüksiyon uygulandý. Ameliyat süresi 135 ile 220 dakika arasýnda not edildi. Post-operatif olarak hiçbir hastada kýsmi ya da total flep nekrozu görülmedi. Enfeksiyon, implant protuzyonu veya rüptürü, hematom veya keloid hiçbir hastada görülmedi. 4 hastada 1 ay kadar süren ve aspirasyon ile düzelen seroma geliþti. 1 hastada 2. ayda meme dokusu üzerinde selülit benzeri bir görünüm mevcuttu. 1 hafta IV antibiyotik tedavisi ile düzelme saðlandý. Donör alanda sadece 3 hastada tatmin edici olmayan skar ile karþýlaþýldý. Hiçbir hastada meme alanýnda kötü skar görülmedi. Rekonstrükte edilen memeler için ortalama 255 (175-300) cc yuvarlak silikon jel implant kullanýldý.
TARTIÞMA ve SONUÇ: Latismuss dorsi kas-deri flebi geç dönem meme rekonstrüksiyonu için son derece güvenli ve muteber bir seçenektir. Özellikle ameliyat sonrasý komplikasyonlardan çekinen ve en kýsa sürede normal hayatýna dönmek isteyen hastalar için diðer rekonstrüktif yöntemlere göre basit ve komplikasyonlarý az bir yöntemdir.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to investigate the aesthetic outcomes and complications of delayed breast reconstruction with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap + implant among patients undergoing total mastectomy operation.
METHODS: This study included patients operated with latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap+implant after total mastectomy operation.
RESULTS: We performed delayed reconstruction with Latissimus Dorsi myocuteneous flap+implant for 24 patients and 25 total mastectomized breasts between 2014 and 2018. The study population had a mean age of 44.0 years. Twelve right and 13 left breasts were reconstructed. Operative time ranged between 135 and 220 minutes. None of the patients suffered partial or total flap necrosis, infection, implant protrusion or rupture, or keloid formation. Four patients developed seroma lasting for up to 1 month, which improved upon aspiration. One patient developed a cellulitis-like appearance on the breast tissue at the second month, which improved after a 1-week course of IV antibiotics. Only three patients had a bad scar formation at the donor site. No patient had bad scar formation in the mammary region. The median volume of round implants was 250 (175-300) ml. None of the patients suffered cancer recurrence.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap + implant procedure is an extremely safe and reliable option for delayed breast reconstruction. It is a simple technique with less complications than other reconstructive techniques, particularly for patients who fear postoperative complications and who wish to return to normal life.

Nanokorlar, bilinen en küçük ve fonksiyonel antikor fragmanlarýdýr. Sadece iki aðýr zincirden oluþan antikorlarýn (heavy chain only antibodies; HcAb) antijen baðlama bölgesi “nanokor” (nanobody) olarak adlandýrýlmýþtýr. Böylelikle bütün bir antikor kadar fonksiyonel olan ve sadece aðýr zincirden oluþan (variable domain of the heavy chain of HcAb; VHH) en küçük antikor fragmaný tanýmlanmýþtýr. Nanokorlar, antikorlarýn ulaþamadýðý cep bölgelere dahi baðlanabilen en küçük fonksiyonel antikor fragmanlarý olmalarý, immün tepkimelere yol açmamalarý ve görüntülemede diðer antikorlara nazaran daha iyi sonuç vermeleri sebebiyle son yýllarda kanser, enfeksiyon, enflamasyon ve nörodejeneratif hastalýklar baþta olmak üzere pek çok hastalýða yönelik taný ve tedavi amaçlý araþtýrmalarda kullanýlmaya baþlanmýþtýr. Vücut sývýlarýnda bulunmasýnýn yanýnda prokaryotik ve ökaryotik canlýlarda kolayca üretilebildiði için nanokorlar, rekombinant proteinler olarak da elde edilebilmektedir. Bunun yanýnda, nanokorlara entegre edilerek terapötik moleküller geliþtirilmekte ve bu çalýþmalarla birlikte nanokorlar, hedefe yönelik tedavi yaklaþýmlarý için yeni perspektifler sunmaktadýr. Ayrýca nanokorlara özel görüntüleme ajanlarý baðlanarak, taný amaçlý moleküller de oluþturulmaktadýr. Nanokorlarýn biyosensör olarak kullanýlmasýna iliþkin sürdürülen çalýþmalar ise in vivo görüntüleme için yeni araçlar geliþtirilmesine olanak saðlayacaktýr.

Nanobodies are the smallest and functional antibody fragments ever known. Antigen-binding region of antibodies composed of two heavy chains only (heavy chain only antibodies; HcAb) is termed as “nanobody”. Thus, the smallest antibody fragment that is as functional as a whole antibody and comprises of only heavy chains has been identified. Recently, nanobodies have been used in the diagnosis and treatment of numerous diseases including especially cancer, infection, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases since they are the smallest functional antibody fragments, do not lead immunological reactions, have better imaging capacities than other antibodies. Beside residing in body fluids, nanobodies can be engineered as recombinant proteins since they can be easily produced in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Furthermore, several therapeutic molecules integrated to nanobodies have been developed and in the light of these studies, nanobodies provide new perspectives to targeted therapy approaches. In addition to that, nanobodies can be served as diagnostic molecules upon modification with imaging agents. Ongoing research about the use of nanobodies in biosensor development is another promising area that allow the development of new tools for in vivo imaging.

Renal rhabdoid tumor, çok nadir görülen ve kötü saðkalýmla seyreden bir hastalýktýr.Radyoterapi bu tumorlerde primer tumore veya cerrahi yataða, hastalýk kontrolü için sýklýkla uygulanmaktadýr. Bu vaka takdiminde, 4 aylýk renal kitlesi ve yaygýn intraabdominal metastazý olan hasta sunulacaktýr.Hastaya öncelikle maksimal debulking cerrahi ardýndan kemoradyoterapi uygulanmýþtýr.hastalýk progresyon göstermiþ ve hasta 3 ay içerisinde kaybedilmiþtir.Hastalýðý evresine ve hastanýn yaþýna göre deðiþik do ve fraksiyonasyonlar uygulanabilmektedir. Doz, fraksiyon ve alan hastaya göre belirlenmelidir.

Renal rhabdoid tumor (RTK)s are rare aggressive cancers with poor prognosis. Radiotherapy is a part of disease management and usually applied to the primary tumor or surgical bed. The our case is a 4- month-old female who has kidney tumor with multiple intraabdominal metastases. Maximal debulking surgery was performed and chemoradiotherapy were administered. The patient died in 3 months due to progressive disease after radiotherapy. Different doses are delivered according to age and stage. Appropriate dose, side and fractionation schedule should be determined for every patient.

Oksaliplatin onkolojide günlük pratiðimizde sýk kullanýlan kemoterapötik bir ajandýr. Oksaliplatin tedavisi ile iliþkili yan etki olarak en sýk nörotoksisite görülmektedir. Nadir olarak oksaliplatin tedavisi karaciðer sinuzoidlerinde venookluziv hastalýða yol açarak obstruksiyona, portal hipertansiyona sebep olabilmektedir. Hastalarda kilo artýþý, sað üst kadran aðrýsý, karýnda asit, hepatik ensafolapti, karaciðer yetmezliði görülebilmektedir. Biz 3. evre kolon kanseri saptanan, adjuvan tedavi olarak kapesitabin ve oksaliplatin tedavisi alan hastamýzda geliþen venookluziv hastalýk bulgularýný, klinik seyrini sunduk.

Oxaliplatin is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent in our oncology daily practice.Neurotoxicity is the most common side effect associated with oxaliplatin therapy.Rarely, oxaliplatin therapy can cause veno-occlusive disease in the liver sinusoids, leading to obstruction and portal hypertension. Weight gain, right upper quadrant pain, ascites, hepatic insufficiency, liver failure can be seen in patients. We presented a clinical course of venoocclusive disease, which developed in third stage colonic cancer, treated with capecitabine and oxaliplatin as adjuvant treatment.

Malign priapism (MP), penis dokusunda tümöral invazyon veya metastaz sonucu oluþan priapism þeklidir. Paraneoplastik lökomoid reaksiyon (PLR)ise, çoðu solid tümörde gözlenebilen bir paraneoplastik sendrom tipi olup beyaz küre sayýsýnýn, lösemik tutulum olmaksýzýn 50x109/L üzerine çýktýðý bir reaktif lökositoz tablosudur.Tüm priapism olgularýnýn yaklaþýk %3-8’i malignite nedeniyle geliþmektedir. Primer olarak renal hücreli karsinomun (RHK) tetiklediði ve takipte tanýdan 4 yýl sonra geliþen akciðer metastazlarýnýn da indüklediði PLR zemininde geliþen bir MP olgusu sunduk. Bilgilerimize göre, bu vaka literatürde bildirilmiþ ilk olgusudur. Korpus kavernozuma herhangi bir tümöral infiltrasyon veya metastaz olmadýðý halde, PLR’nin oluþturduðu hiperviskositeye baðlý intrakavernozal obstrüksiyonun yarattýðý vasküler stazýn, korporal drenajý engellediðini düþünmekteyiz. Olgumuzda görüldüðü gibi, PLR priapism ataklarýna neden olabilmekte ve malignite varlýðýnda baþvuruya yol açan ilk belirti olabilmektedir.

Malign priapism (MP) is described due to tumoral invasion or metastasis to the penil corporeal tissue. Paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction (PLR) is reported in nearly all solid tumor types as a paraneoplastic syndrome. It is a reactive leukocytosis where white blood cell(WBC) count exceeds 50x109/L without evidence of leukemia. 3-8% of all priapism cases are caused by malignancy.We present a case of MP, showed up secondary to a PLR which was provoked firstly by the primary renal malignancy and it was again induced four years after by its lung metastasis.To our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature. We’d like to emphesize that there were no evidents of invasion or metastasis to corpus cavernosum. PLR can also give rise to priapism attacks and this may be the first symptom of a malignant condition.

Spermatoseller genellikle asemptomatiktir ve sýklýkla fizik muayene sýrasýnda insidental olarak saptanýrlar. Burada hidroseli taklit eden dev multiloküler spermatosel olgusunu sunmayý amaçladýk. 79 yaþýnda erkek hasta birkaç yýldýr var olan sol skrotal þiþlik, ara ara olan skrotal aðrý þikayetleriyle kliniðimize baþvurdu. Palpasyonda sað skrotumda yaklaþýk 10-15 cm boyutlarýnda sert kitle tespit edildi. Yapýlan skrotal renkli Doppler ultrasonografide sað skrotumda içi sývý dolu yaklaþýk 123x78 mm boyutlarýnda kistik kitle tespit edildi. Sað skrotal eksplorasyon yapýldý ve sað skrotumdan yaklaþýk 12x6 cm boyutlarýnda spermatosel çýkarýldý.

Spermatoceles are usually asymptomatic and often found incidentally during physical examination. We aimed to present a case of giant spermatocele that mimicked a hydrocele. 79-year-old male patient complaint with right scrotal swelling and intermittent scrotal pain for several years was admitted to our clinic. A hard mass was detected in the right scrotum about 10-15 cm in size with palpation. With the scrotal color Doppler ultrasonography, fluid-filled cystic mass was detected, approximately 123x78 mm in size, in the right scrotum. The right scrotal exploration was done and approximately 12x6 cm size spermatocele was extracted.